Emtc lte sharetechnote. 5G/NR - RLC RLC NR RLC is almost same as LTE RLC.

Emtc lte sharetechnote 7. Why do you need this kind of special technique ? Does this mean that current LTE cannot achieve such a low 4G/LTE - Access Control Access Control What would happen so many UEs are tyring to get access to a same cell (eNB, NB, BTS etc) ? In worst case, the signal from different UEs interfers each other and does not get decoded by the cell (the signal is percieved as a noise). In the chart below we can see evolution of new key technologies in the mobile access network that are developing to contribute towards this NGN vision. This procedure usually happens when Network and UE briefly lost sync while in connected states and user data is available to be sent out on Network side. The operation mode are configured by the eNB. e, Release 15) ? I think in practical sense Release 15 is focused on only one feature 4G/LTE - BL/CE Preamble Group and CE Level Network can allocate a certain set (range) of prach preamble indices for a specific CE level via SIB2. Same thing applies to eCCE/ePDCCH. But being ON all the time would drain the battery. In the following figure as an example, UE send ACK/NACK for 4 PDSCHs in subframe 2. What are the multiple radio access technologies that wants to share a spectrum. You might have used/heard Dual Carrier in WCDMA HSDPA (HSDPA DC) or similar mode in WiFi (I forgot the terminology in WiFi). 4G/LTE - LTE Advanced PUCCH When you are thinking of LTE Advanced, the first feature you would think would be `Carrier Aggregation`. eMTC aims to strike a balance between device complexity, coverage, and 4G/LTE - QoS QCI QCI stands for QoS Class Identifier. 300 7. When NB-IoT is operating in 'inband 4G/LTE - Protocol Stack Typical Packet Call In this section, I will go through a typical protocol sequence of LTE packet call. 4G/LTE - LTE Advanced MAC If you are not familiar with details of MAC operation, first refer to Release 8 MAC. In order for UE to decode PDCCH (DCI 4G/LTE - LTE NB MIB/SIB and Scheduling It seems there is pretty big difference in terms of design concept between LTE and LTE-NB MIB/SIBs. 763 Sep 7, 2022 · 6G Antenna/Beam Forming (Update, Sep 7 2022) 6G KPI (Update, Sep 6 2022) 6G Electronics (Update, Sep 6 2022) 6G Channel Characterization (Update, Sep 6 2022) LTE CBRS (Update, Sep 6 2022) 5G Release 17 Highlights (Update, Sep 6 2022) Recommended 5G/NR SA CORESET0 and SIB1 Decoding 5G/ NR DSS 5G/ NR 2 Step RACH 5G/ NR Wake Up Signal (WUS) 5G/ NR Pre Trial : RRC : MIB/SIB Pre Trial : RACH Private Network (LTE) Private Network/NPN (Non-Public Network) (NR) Propagation Model Protocol Configuration Option (PCO) Pseudo Random Sequence PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal) PTRS - PDSCH PUCCH PUSCH AggregationFactor PUSCH Channel Coding and Transmssion Process PUSCH DMRS Following is the real Downlink signal coming out of a LTE network emulator. In this page, I will post only those features that is new to Release 10. Even when you have pretty strong background in a specific area of PHY layer, some other area of the PHY layer may look completely new to you. Whenever you have some issues or something for you to work, try to ask your self "Where is the 4G/LTE - Basic Procedures Physical Channel Processing This is the process that convert the bit stream coming out of channel encoding process into radio frame data to be transmitted by each antenna. If E-UTRAN RRC Parameters (LTE) RRC Parameters (LTE NB) Get the Test Procedure and Log / Amarisoft TechAcademy NTN NR NTN LTE NB IoT Why NTN ? The motivation is obvious as well. Even in Carrier Aggregation, still single MAC is used to control/schedule all the carrier components. (This 'L' value is informed to UE by PCFICH) Number of the symbols for PDCCH is Simply put, SAE is just a terminology representing LTE network architecture. Actually, based on my experience, it is more complicated than the legacy LTE mainly due to the nature of repeatative transmission and narrowband 4G/LTE - BL/CE CE Level CE Operation is categorized into four difference levels. One is Idle mode DRX. And when you think of Carrier Aggregation, the first question you may ask would be "If a UE is getting data from multiple carriers, how can it report ACK/NACK ?" With this question in mind,you may easily guess that we may need some additional way to handle this CSI_RS. Mapped to 6 Resource Blocks (72 subcarriers), centered around DC subcarrier in sub frame 0. 213 Table 7. Overall flow is as shown below and I put the 3GPP specification for each steps. In LTE, Paging had 5G/NR - RLC RLC NR RLC is almost same as LTE RLC. Maximized transmission power for PUCCH and PUSCH without TPC field changes. More simply put, SAE = LTE Network -:). Depending on what kind of information the UCI in PUCCH carries, PUCCH is classified into various formation as follows. (This is similar to PDCCH which carries DCI (Downlink control information)". In more familiar terms, this Initial Access is refered to be 'RACH process'. It falls under the category of low-power wide-area (LPWA) technologies, designed specifically to support IoT applications. For example, Reference Signal, PDCCH, PDSCH etc. Since I wouldn't see any NR test equipment and UE in near future, I wouldn't be able to put much of practical information on NR RLC until 4G/LTE - LTE NB RACH If you look at the high level procedure of RACH, LTE-NB RACH is not much different from legacy LTE or LTE BL/CE (M1). Idle mode measurement is mainly for Cell Selection and Reslection process and most of idle mode measurement criteria is 4G/LTE - BL/CE CE Level CE Operation is categorized into four difference levels. Speaking in laymen's terminology, the transmitter and reciever has it's own clock and they have to synchronize the 4G/LTE - DRX eDRX (Extended/Enhanced DRX) I assume that you already know what DRX (Discontinuous Reception) mean. Paging Parameters in SIB2 +-sib2 ::= SEQUENCE [00] +-ac-BarringInfo ::= SEQUENCE OPTIONAL:Omit +-radioResourceConfigCommon ::= SEQUENCE | +-rach-ConfigCommon ::= SEQUENCE | +-bcch-Config 4G/LTE - BL/CE Narrowband LTE-M1 System Bandwidth is always 1. This is why the sleeping mode is called 'Discontinuous Reception'. Because only 1. These files contain various information and configurations that help manage a mobile device's connection to the network. As LTE release goes higher and more features are added, UE Capability Information has become the longest and most complicated Radio Message. Do I need to go through this kind of struggling again ?". So if you are already faimiliar with LTE RLC, you wouldn't need much of extra study to understand NR RLC. I would recommend you to try investigate on what's is CDD in practical sense and what would be the advantage of applying CDD. PUCCH Format 1,1a,1b Location How are the location of multiple PUCCHs from Multiple UE ? 4G/LTE - BL/CE Fullstack Protocol Sequence You may say 'LTE-BL/CE (LTE-M1) is simpler than legacy LTE'. It implies that unlike other channes (i. Overall Procedure Types of UE Assistance Information What is gNB supposed to do ? UE Capability RRC 4G/LTE - RRC RRC States At high level view, LTE RRC has only two status (RRC Connected and RRC Idle). This will be the backbone structure for all other call processing. Downlink Transmission Mode You would see new TMs every time you get additional antenna ports being used and they bring some new idea of using those antenna ports. In particular, enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) and Narrow Band IoT (NB‐IoT) have been designed in Radio Access Network WGs in Release‐13 and enhanced in Release‐14. The overall procedure of the initial detection of a 4G/LTE - Basic Procedure SIB (System Information Block) Modification/Notification System Information Block does not changes as any other RRC messages, but it is not stay all the time like the print on a stone. As described above, in TDD LTE ibe subframe can transmit ACK/NACK for multiple subframe as shown below. 4G/LTE - Basic Procedures SIB Scheduling In LTE, MIB, SIB1, SIB2 is mandated to be transmitted for any cells. Main reason (motivation 5G/NR - Paging Paging Paging is a critical functionality in cellular systems, used to notify a UE (User Equipment) of incoming services or messages while minimizing power consumption by not requiring continuous monitoring of the network The overal purpose of Paging in NR is same as LTE Paging, but in details there are some differences between NR paging and LTE paging. The possible location for a PDCCH differs depending on whether the PDCCH is UE-Specific or Common, and also depend on what aggregation level is used. Following is a kind of simple presentation but it has almost everything of LTE component. Now you almost automatically think about 'MIMO', but in reality 'multiple antenna' does not automatically mean 'MIMO'. Most of the fundamental paramters of PUSCH DMRS are same as in PDSCH DMRS. You would remember that I wrote a long column for RACH procedure, but that complicated procedure is just a small portion of LTE MAC procedure. In this column, I A joint bid by Bouygues Telecom, Free (Iliad), and Orange to acquire Altice’s SFR assets could consolidate the French telecom market and provoke regulatory challenges. So I guess (I think), most of the chipset maker/product is 4G/LTE - Multi Cell LTE to NR Handover LTE to NR handover is a process in which UE switches the cell from LTE to NR cell in connected mode. It means UE has to be "ON" all the time even when there is no traffic. 4G/LTE - DRX DRX (Discontinuous Reception) - CDRX (Connected Mode DRX) Even while there is no traffic between the network and UE, UE has to keep listening to Network. I would not explain much of those parameters on this note and strongly suggest you to go through PDSCH DMRS first if you are new to PDSCH/PUSCH 4G/LTE - Protocol Stack MAC I would be almost impossible to explain everything about LTE MAC in a single column without making it a thick book or without making everybody falling in sleep since MAC is the center of all LTE procedure. . 4G/LTE - Paging Paging Paging is the mechanism in which Network tells UE saying "I have something for you". MasterInformationBlock 4G/LTE - BL/CE RACH Process As in legacy LTE, LTE-BL/CE UE also start with RACH process to get the initial access to a network. 0 UE procedure for transmitting the physical uplink shared channel and can be illustrated as follows : The two tables defining N values are defined as follows. CE Mode B: Large number of signal repetitions for enhanced coverage. Technically it is understandable because not a single person can master everything, but I strongly recommend you to try to have some big picture of the whole process. Simply put, it is a secially designed downlink only channel which carries ACK or NACK for the PUSCH received by the network. UL Grant is another name of DCI format 0. 4G/LTE - Measurement Multi Cell Measurement This page will explain about various aspect of Measurement Process that is happening in a LTE. Uplink case they just used PUCCH for carrying ACK/NACK for each PDSCH it recieved. 4G/LTE - Basic Procedures Random Access Random Access process plays two main roles - establishment of uplink synchronization and establishment of a unique UE ID (C-RNTI) known to both the network and the UE. Unlike other layers, it would be very difficult for you to understand the details clearly unless you have very strong academic (theoretical) background. You will find the various different type of SAE diagram from various source ranging from very simple to extremly complicated one. eMTC is a sub-type of LTE-M network, although the two Explore LTE basics, from RRC to BL-CE and more, with ShareTechnote's comprehensive guide. 4G/LTE - RRC RRC IE - UE Capability Info In most of communication protocol, the parties participating in the communication exchange the information about its capability so that the each party does not request any capability which is not supported by its counter part. Network (eNodeB in this case) keep measuring the time difference between PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS reception and the subframe time and can send a 'Timing Advance' command to UE to change the PUSCH/PUCCH transmission to make it better aligned with the subframe timing at the network 4G/LTE - eCCE/ePDCCH Why eCCE/ePDCCH ? eCCE/ePDCCH is a new type of resource allocation for contron channel information. Dec 2, 2024 · 3GPP has already introduced a suite of two complementary narrowband LTE IoT technologies in Release 13: eMTC (enhanced machine-type communication) and NB-IoT (narrowband Internet of Things). You may ask "Then why don't UE shut down (getting into a sleep 4G/LTE - LTE Advanced Transmission Mode For the basic understanding on Transmission Mode, please refer to my previous post on Transmission Mode (for Release 8). Speaking in laymen's terminology, the transmitter and reciever has it's own clock and they have to synchronize the 5G/NR NR Release 16 Highlights As you may have noticed from evolution path of previous technologies (2G, 3G, 4G), most of the evolution proceeds in two major way as below. As you see, you can get the System Bandwidth and SFN by decoding MIB. It informs on all the details of its capabilities. You can think of DRX as a kind of 'Sleeping Mode'. This approach is particularly beneficial for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which require efficient power usage and may not need the full 4G/LTE - Throughput Throughput Calculation - From UE Cateogory For many people working in LTE, one of the most important question would be what is the maximum throughput for a network, device or network operator. g, PUCCH format, PUCCH location etc) can be reused as well. SIB does changes in some cases. Multiple pages for the same topic can be additional Apr 1, 2022 · eMTC (enhanced machine-type communication) is a type of LTE-M network published by 3GPP in the Release 13 specification. It was combination of Time Domain, Frequency Domain and the modulation scheme. In any technology, Measurement is done roughly at two stage. These for groups are devided into two groups and each of the group belong to two different Operation Mode as below. These 1. eMTC is a low power wide area technology which supports IoT through lower device complexity and provides extended coverage. The second direction (Lower throughput with Low Cost/Energy) is LTE RACH in Details RACH stands for Random Access Channel. However, getting deeper into the details. Big Picture First Depending on which level you are working on in UE development/Test procedure, the amount of knowledge you need to know would . Followings are the topics to be described in this page. ) Precoding Fading Power Control PUCCH Protocols RACH SIB PAGING MAC RLC PDCP Full Stack [+] Basic Call Idle Mode Multi Cell UE Capability Conformance LTE RF/PHY RF Measurement LTE TDD Overview LTE IoT However, if LTE-NB is the first LTE experience, you would need to the basic concept of DCI. 4G/LTE - Measurement Report NOTE : At high level view, it would not be difficult to understand overall concept of CSI. 4G/LTE - PHY Channel PHICH/PHICH Group PHICH stands for Physical channel HybridARQ Indicator Channel. Usually these application requires not that much throughput (in most case it needs very low throughput). Overall Sequence and Layer Configuration Downlink Channel Map Uplink Channel Map Channel Mapping Table throughout Call Processing Live Network Examples in Fullstack Overall Sequence and Layer Configuration Try to follow the sequence below Nov 14, 2023 · SIB 1 includes pertinent data used to assess whether an (UE) is permitted to connect to a cell and establishes the scheduling parameters for other system information NR-LTE co-existence, Note that this use case also exists for slot-based scheduling ==> See DSS page Forward compatibility towards unlicensed spectrum operation Design Consideration for Minislot The base line consideration for the designing mini-slot is also described in TR 38. In modern LTE and 5G networks, the UE Capability Enquiry and UE Capability Information procedures play a critical role in enabling seamless communication and optimal resource allocation between the User Equipment (UE) and the network. 4G/LTE - UL Grant UL Grant UL Grant is a specific physicall controntrol channel information from Network (eNodeB) telling a UE "Now you can transmit data" (More accurately saying "You can transmit the data 4 ms after you got this grant"). At high level view, NR Search Space concept is similar to LTE Search Space, but there are many differences in terms of the details. (Many people get confused by the name of "DCI format 0". and tooooooooooooo confusing (at least very confusing to me). 4G/LTE - Frame Numbers Subframe Number, SFN and HFN In any communication, one of the most important requirement would be that the transmitter and reiver operate at the same tempo, more technically speaking that the transmitter and reciever should operates in synchronized mode. 4 Mhz (6RB) can be used and MPDCCH takes up user data area of the subframe (similar to EPDCCH), MPDCCH and PDSCH is not transmitted in the same subframe. Teraherz/Tera bps : In many of the documents, this goal is described as Terahertz. eMTC is a low-power wide-area (LPWA) technology that supports IoT through lower device complexity and provides extended coverage. We first started with around 12 SIBs and now (as of Jan 2020. As you see i) MIB is transmitted at a 4G/LTE - Timing Advance Timing Advance Timing Advance is a MAC CE that is used to control Uplink signal transmission timing. It means that UE indicates the attatch type I want to get and Network finaly determines available attach type and informs it to UE as in following procedure. In most cases, this paging process happens while UE is in idle mode. 4G/LTE - Protocol Stack Full Stack Now that we covered each layer of LTE protocol stack, it is time to combine all these layers to a complete protocol stack. Overall SIB Scheduling concept is as follows. LTE-M is a low power wide area technology which supports IoT through lower device complexity and provides extended coverage, leveraging a mobile operator's existing LTE base stations. There are two main types of RACH procedures: Contention-Based and Non-Contention-Based. There is not so much differeces in overal MAC architecture. MIB-NB and SystemInformationBlockType1-NB uses fixed scheduling (Same as legacy LTE) The periodicity of 4G/LTE - PHY Channel PUCCH Format 1 As you see in PUCCH Format page, the function of PUCCH Format 1,1a,1b is just to deliver 1 or 2 or 4 bits data to eNodeB. One is measurement in Idle mode and the other one is in Connected mode. This is a special indentifier defining the quality of packet communication provided by LTE. Some key USIM files include: IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity): A unique Matlab Toolbox - 4G/LTE PDSCH If you don't know what PBCH (Physical BroadCasting Channel) is, refer to Physical Layer Channel : Downlink : PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) page first. If I represent it graphically, it looks as follows. That is, they are all go through the 4 step message transaction (Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, Msg4). The range of the class is from 1 to 9. Even thought several chipset makers has announced/claimed that their product has been supporting LTE-M1 for almost over an year, I have been seeing real/practical verification activity only recently. The difference between M1 and legacy LTE lies in mapping between I_MCS and I_TBS and the possible range of I_MCS. There are largely two types of DRX in LTE. 4G/LTE - Basic Procedures Uplink Data Transmission Scheduling - Persistent Scheduling There are a couple of Data Transmission Scheduling Scheme in LTE. Then UE decode the content (Paging Cause) of the Paging message and UE has to initiate the appropriate the procedure. The throughput for a device working in a live network would vary at every moment as you can see this drive test. m % NOTE : This code is based on the example in the Matlab document linked here. In short, my final conclusion was to give up the attempt to try LTE-M1 by tweaking the legacy LTE protocol stack and decided to wait until I get a touch on real LTE-M1 device and LTE-M1 equipment. eMTC expands the possible applications by using six times the bandwidth of NB‐IoT to enable data rates of up 1 Mbps and the integration of voice. One direction is 'higher and higher throughput' based on Carrier Aggregation (2 CC, 3CC and even 4CC) and the other direction is 'lower and lower throughput' with 'Low Cost' and 'Lower Energy Consumption'. Procedure of Handover (LTE to NR handover) Overall logic is simple and this process are the same (or at least very similar) in every What is eMTC? eMTC is a type of LTE-M (Long-Term Evolution for Machines) network specified by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) in Release 13. Cell Search (Measurement, Evaluate, Detect) Basic Terminology Overall Sequence of Scan, Measurement, Evaluate, Detect, Select When these process 4G/LTE [+] Quick Reference Quick Picture Basic Procedure Troubleshoot Tips Frame Structure Downlink Uplink Reference Signal Low Layer Procedures DCI HARQ PHY Processing MIMO MIMO/CA (Big Pict. ) MPDCCH Format As there are multiple different PDCCH format in legacy LTE, there are several different EPDCCH/MPDCCH formats for LTE-M1. 7: Standardized QCI characteristics : Release 8) Note : GBR stands for Guaranteed Bit Rate From Rel 12, 4 additional 4G/LTE - UE Capability UE Capability Information UE Capability Information is an RRC message that UE sents to Network (in most case during initial registration process). i) DL Bandwidth, Number of Transmit Antenna ii) System Frame Number (SFN) iii) PHICH Configuration iv) Transmit every 40 ms , repeat every 10 ms MasterInformationBlock 4G/LTE - Power Allocation Downlink Power Allocation If you look into the downlink signal, you would notice that it is made up of many different components. In Idle mode, UE is supposed to wave up periodically based on DRX cycle and the UE specific Paging Occassion (PO) setting, it is necessary to receive Paging message (for any MT 4G/LTE - RRC MIB (Master Information Block) MIB is special signal that carries the following information. There are three different 4G/LTE - LTE NB HARQ In short, HARQ mechanism for LTE NB (M2) downlink is similar to legacy LTE mechanism (except the repetitive transmission), but HARQ mechanism is a little bit different from legacy LTE as described below. For the basic concept, I would suggest you to read the legacy LTE DCI page or at least the first section of the page. 521-1,36. So your understanding on the legacy LTE (e. When LTE-M1 operate in a wider legacy LTE band, it split the wider band into multiples of 1. If it is realized as expected, it would be able to deliver the 5G service to those places where it is technically very difficult or cost too much to deliver with terrestrial network. So Random Access is used not only for initial access, but also after periods of uplink inactivity when uplink sync got lost in LTE_ACTIVE 4G/LTE - BL/CE MAX Throughput Just in terms of theoretical throughput, M1 Downlink Max throughput is same as DL Category 0 which is 1 Mbps, but considering the repetivity scheduling, MPDCCH and PDSCH in separate subframes, Half Duplex operation, it will not be easy to achieve this throughput. As the name stands for, this is a reference signal for PUSCH implying that eNodeB would not be able to decode PUSCH if this PUSCH DMRS is bad. 4G/LTE - BL/CE HARQ In short, HARQ mechanism for LTE M1 downlink is similar to legacy LTE mechanism (except the repetitive transmission), but HARQ mechanism is a little bit different from legacy LTE as described below. However, 5G introduces a simplified 2-Step RACH process mainly to reduce the protocol complexity and energy consumption of devices. Actually, based on my experience, it is more complicated than the legacy LTE mainly due to the nature of repeatative transmission and narrowband Utilizes LTE-M1's single-receive antenna and reduced bandwidth. Number of the symbols (L) for PDCCH can be 1,2, or 3. Mapped to Resource Elements which is not reserved for transmission of reference signals, PDCCH or PHICH Followings are the topics 4G/LTE - Frame Numbers Subframe Number, SFN and HFN In any communication, one of the most important requirement would be that the transmitter and reiver operate at the same tempo, more technically speaking that the transmitter and reciever should operates in synchronized mode. Followings are the list of topics to be described in this It seems that the first two pillars Terahertz and AI/ML seems to the ones that are most commonly mentioned in the early discussion but I am not sure whether the third pillar High Data Rate in eMTC/URLLC can be a clear target for 6G or not. For the details of full registration, check out this note 4G/LTE - PHY Processing PDCCH Candidate and Search Space In the PDCCH region in DL radio frame, there can be many places where a specific PDCCH is located and UE searches all the possible locations. In LTE, Paging had It is 2-Step RACH. Since many of the SIB are transmitted, it should be transmitted in such a way that the location (subframe) where a SIB is transmitted should not be the same subframe where another SIB is transmitted. it would become much complicated . As an engineer, you need to If I define LTE Integrity Protection Procedure with this logic, it would be "a process that convert 'K' value from USIM into PDCP MAC-I and NAS MAC (Message Authentication Code)". When I frist start writing this 4G/LTE - Measurement Report NOTE : At high level view, it would not be difficult to understand overall concept of CSI. This process is defined in 36. 5G/NR - Search Space Search Space PDCCH Search Space refers to the area in the downlink resource grid where PDCCH may be carried. 4G/LTE - PHY Signal SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) SRS stands for Sounding Reference Signal. It is a type of InterRAT handover since the cell change happens between two different RAT (Radio Access Technology). The rough HARQ sequence would 4G/LTE - MTC MTC (Machine Type Communication) MTC stands for Machine Type Communication. Then what is the existing features (i. Depending on a couple of factors, one of two different sets of EPDCCH/MPDCCH formats are used. 4G/LTE - BL/CE PUCCH LTE-BL/CE PUCCH reuse the legacy LTE PUCCH. ) Precoding Fading Power Control PUCCH Protocols RACH SIB PAGING MAC RLC PDCP Full Stack [+] Basic Call Idle Mode Multi Cell UE Capability Conformance LTE RF/PHY RF Measurement LTE TDD Overview LTE IoT 4G/LTE - PHY Processing PHY Processing Physical Layer Processing is pretty complicated issues. 5G/NR - UE Assistance Information UE Assistance Information UE Assistance Information is a special RRC message (mechanism) by which UE can inform various internal status to the network so that Network can assign / control resources better fit for the specific moment of each connected UE. 4G/LTE LTE Dictionary [T-Z] TDD LTE : Overview TDD LTE : Frame Stracture TDD LTE : Switching Points TDD LTE : PRACH Preamble Format TDD LTE : PRACH Configuration TDD LTE : Special Slot usage TDD LTE : HARQ Timing TDD LTE : Ack/Nack Feedback Mode TDD LTE : SR/DCI 0 Timing TDD LTE : DCI 0/PUSCH Timing TDD LTE : System Information Variation Test When you read the specifications of LTE M1 (BL/CE) or any other technical documents, you often see the cases where CEmode is used with CE Level and sometimes with RACH Preamble Group, and got confused a lot. But there are pretty complicated process and factors as described below. At the early discussion, most 5G/NR - PUSCH DMRS PUSCH DMRS (DeModulation Reference Signal) PUSCH DMRS is a special type of physical layer signal which functions as a reference signal for decoding PUSCH. To me, LTE-NB design concept seems closer to WCDMA MIB/SIB logic. Each of this class is defined as in the following table (TS 23. In terms of protocol point of view, it is not simpler than the legacy LTE. This is mainly designed to use LTE for M2M (Machine to Machine) or IoT (Internet of Things). The relationship between PDCCH format and the number CCE required to carry the PDCCH is as follows : 4G/LTE - Basic Procedures Cell ID Detection and System Information Detection What is happening at the very first when you first power on (or Switching Airplane Mode On to Off) is to detect a cell around the UE (e. 4G/LTE - Basic Procedures PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) PDCCH is a physical channel that carries downlink control information (DCI) and it has characteristics as described below. It is using QPSK. In 5G, the Random Access Channel (RACH) process is crucial for initial access, allowing devices to establish a connection with the network. 213-8. Feb 14, 2023 · eMTC (enhanced machine-type communication) is a type of LTE-M network specified by 3GPP in the Release 13. 4G/LTE - Troubleshoot Tips Even though you have the whole knowledge of this technology, it is impossible to implement a protocol stack or test cases which does not need any troubleshooting. The carrier for the initial connection setup is called Anchor carrier and the other carriers are called Non-Anchor carrier. For the high level description of NB-LTE and some comparative view of other technology, refer to LTE-M/Category M/M1/M2 page. This example shows how to create a downlink LTE-M transmission consisting of MTC Physical Downlink Control Channel (MPDCCH) as well as its associated Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), including repetitions and frequency hopping. Overall operation of MIB/SIB for LTE-NB is described in 36. 4G/LTE - BL/CE PUSCH Subframe Assignment In LTE-M1, PUSCH can be transmitted repeatedly to increase cell coverage. MIB-NB and SystemInformationBlockType1-NB uses fixed scheduling (Same as legacy LTE) The periodicity of 4G/LTE [+] Quick Reference Quick Picture Basic Procedure Troubleshoot Tips Frame Structure Downlink Uplink Reference Signal Low Layer Procedures DCI HARQ PHY Processing MIMO MIMO/CA (Big Pict. The simplest way for our understanding would be to allocate the same power to all of the 5G/NR - Paging Paging Paging is a critical functionality in cellular systems, used to notify a UE (User Equipment) of incoming services or messages while minimizing power consumption by not requiring continuous monitoring of the network The overal purpose of Paging in NR is same as LTE Paging, but in details there are some differences between NR paging and LTE paging. It serves as the primary channel through which a base station (eNodeB in LTE, gNodeB in 5G) transmits MIB to UEs. 5G/NR - Initial Access/RACH Initial Access means a sequence of process between UE and gNB (Network) in order for UE to aquire Uplink Synchronization and obtain specified ID for the radio access communication. 2. In engineering, when we introduce anything new, usually we would have some reason (or motivation) on why we need the new things. g, wlan, V2X, NR etc), the list of SIB is getting longer and longer. How does the 4G frame structure differ between FDD and TDD configurations? What is the basic structure of a 4G LTE frame? What are the durations of a 4G LTE frame, subframe and OFDM Symbol? How does the 4G LTE frame structure ensure efficient use of the spectrum? Transmission Mode What is Transmission Mode (TM) How TM3 works ? How TM4 works ? 4G/LTE - Basic Procedure PDCCH Order PDCCH Order is a mechanism by which eNB force UE to initiate PRACH. Even when they are lucky enough to reach and get decoded by the cell, it may create an overloading on the cell and network 4G/LTE - Basic Procedures Cell Search Note : See "Idle Mode Procedure" section first for the big picture. g, mobile phone). If you compare the legacy LTE and LTE BL/CE (M1) RACH Registration in Detail Registration process in 5G/NR is similar to the Attach Process in LTE except many of the new Information elements added or renamed in various NAS message mainly due to core network structure changes in 5G/NR. Overall Sequence and Layer Configuration Downlink Channel Map Uplink Channel Map Channel Mapping Table throughout Call Processing Live Network Examples in Fullstack Overall Sequence and Layer Configuration Try to follow the sequence below 4G/LTE - BL/CE Paging Overall Paging mechanism for LTE BL/CE is similar to legacy LTE. Early July in 2016 (around Jul 10), the first version of 3GPP TS documents on NB IoT were posted and I started working on note based on these documents. NOTE : 'Registration' in this note refer to specific NAS messages, not about the full attach sequence. Release 15), the largest SIB Type number is SIB24. So our first question would be 'why we need this new type of resource allocation ?'. 5G/NR 4G vs 5G When I started writing the pages about 5G in around mid 2013, I thought we will have a completely new (at least in Radio Access Protocol perspectivie) and I said to myself "After spending a couple of years in LTE and with a lot of struggle, finally just started to get used to this technology. The PBCH carries crucial information that a UE needs to decode other broadcast information and to establish a connection with the 5G/NR 4G vs 5G When I started writing the pages about 5G in around mid 2013, I thought we will have a completely new (at least in Radio Access Protocol perspectivie) and I said to myself "After spending a couple of years in LTE and with a lot of struggle, finally just started to get used to this technology. 36. Even though they use a little bit different name, in all cellular technology (CDMA, GSM, WCDMA, LTE) there is a specific signal that perform the same function. Theoretically, they can be any technologies, but in practice we usually mean NR 4G/LTE - Transmission Mode Transmission Mode In LTE, usually they use multiple Antenna for downlink (at least from Category 3 UE and higher), meaning that eNode (Network) has use multiple Tx Antenna and UE use multiple Rx antenna. 4 Mhz, but legacy LTE System BW with which LTE-M1 operate can be wider than 1. But as far as I 4G/LTE - BL/CE Testing As of now (Sep 2016), 3GPP Conformance Test Case (36. It is true. Wake Up Signal in LTE is a type mechanism designed for Energy Saving mostly in Idle mode. Employs legacy LTE power control mechanisms. 4G/LTE - Wake Up Signal WUS (Wake Up Signal) WUS stands for Wake Up Signal. 4G/LTE - BL/CE LTE-BL/CE (LTE-M1) - MCS/TBS Determination Downlink TBS Determination TBS (Transport Block Size) for BL/CE UE is determined by 36. 203). Also it has very small transport block size and protected with 1/3 convolutional code and 16bit CRC. Number of ECCEs for each EPDCCH/MPDCCH are slightly different between the two sets. How many Narrowbands are there for each System Bandwidth 4G/LTE - RRC SIB (System Information Block) As the functionalities of LTE evolves and start interplay with other radio technologies (e. The first entry in the list contains RACH information of CE level 0, the second entry in the list contains RACH information of CE level 1, and so on. Following is the real Downlink signal coming out of a LTE network emulator. 1 UE states and state transitions including inter RAT. 523) for LTE-M1 has not been defined yet. 4 slot for LTE-M1 is called 'Narrowband'. The rough HARQ sequence 4G/LTE - LTE Advanced PUCCH When you are thinking of LTE Advanced, the first feature you would think would be `Carrier Aggregation`. PUSCH DMRS always takes up the center symbol of a slot (meaning symbol 3 and symbol 10 of a UL subframe). 4. 4 as summarized below. Operates with lower uplink power, compensating with a smaller number of repetitions. 521-3,36. I would highlight the new TM introduced in Release 10. 7 Modulation order and transport block size determination 4G/LTE - USIM USIM Parameters USIM parameters (files) refer to a set of data stored on a USIM (Universal Subscriber Identity Module) card, which is used in 3G, 4G, and 5G networks. In CDMA, they call it 'Access Probe' as far as I know (but I don't have much knowledge on CDMA), in GSM they call Sep 4, 2016 · 4G/LTE - BL/CE MIB/SIB As in legacy LTE, for LTE-M1, MIB/SIB1/SIB2 carries the most fundamental information for cell detaction and initial attach process. g, LTE,WCDMA), Network informs on its capability via various SIB messages and UE informs its The PBCH is a key component in cellular communication networks, particularly in LTE and 5G systems. 4G/LTE - Basic Procedures Overal LTE Sequence Most of us would be specialized in one or a few specific area/layer as an engineer. 3GPP Relase‐17 4G/LTE - Attach Type Attach Type The Attach Type indicates the purpose of the attach and as in most of other procedure, the attach type is also determined by a kind of mutual agreement between UE and Network. 1. LTE-NB : Physical Layer : Downlink : NPSS (Narrowband Primary Synchronization Signal) LTE-NB : Physical Layer : Downlink : NSSS (Narrowband Secondary Synchronization Signal) MIMO/CA (Big Pict. However, you would have noticed this procedure got more and more complicated if you look one step deeper into it. First, it confused me because of too many parameters for configuration and then it became even more confusing with introduction of CA (Carrier Aggregation). There are commonality and differences in this process between legacy LTE and LTE-BL/CE. 4G/LTE - BL/CE MAX Throughput Just in terms of theoretical throughput, M1 Downlink Max throughput is same as DL Category 0 which is 1 Mbps, but considering the repetivity scheduling, MPDCCH and PDSCH in separate subframes, Half Duplex operation, it will not be easy to achieve this throughput. In mobile communication (e. e, DCI). HARQ Operation for Downlink HARQ Process for Downlink is similar to legacy LTE except that each transmission would happen in repetition in LTE-M1. Actually this is not a new concept in LTE. It is very early stages for now and these notes will keep 4G/LTE - BL/CE PDSCH Subframe Assignment In LTE-M1, PDSCH can be transmitted repeatedly to increase cell coverage. e, same frequency span)'. Contention-Based RACH Contention-Based RACH is the most common procedure for initial access 4G/LTE - LTE NB Multi Carrier Operation NB-IoT can operate in multi carrier mode. LTE-M is a type of LTE network published by 3GPP in Releases 13 to 15 specifications. This would be the most important process happening inside of the UE in terms of celluar protocol point of view. (I wrote this section with more focus on LTE, but it is similar logic in UMTS as well). However, there are a couple of small components 4G/LTE - DCI DCI When you study the physical frame structure of LTE, you may be impressed by flexibility (meaning complexity in other way) of all the possible ways of resource allocation. That is one of the reason why I wrote multiple pages for the same topic (CSI). Literally it says a kind of "Reference Signal". (Ref [4]) CE Mode A CE Mode B Mode vs Level vs Preamble Group How to Configure CE Mode ? PDSCH / PUSCH / PUCCH Max Repetition Differences between CE Mode A and B Apr 20, 2020 · Specification # 36. If you are new to overall functionality of RLC, I would suggest you to go through LTE RLC page first. So I strongly recommend you to read through the legacy LTE Paging first. 912 as follows. In this page, I will describe all the SIBs related to LTE-M1 operation, but it would take long time for me to complete this page this is at the initial stage now. 4G/LTE - BL/CE Operation Mode LTE BL/CE can operate in two different mode and these two mode are specified for RRC Connected state. But in my case 4G/LTE - PHY Channel PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) PBCH is a special channel to carry MIB and has following characteristics : It carries only the MIB. 4G/LTE - PHY Channel DMRS - PUSCH DMRS stands for 'DeModulation Reference Signal'. Idle mode measurement is mainly for Cell Selection and Reslection process and most of idle mode measurement criteria is Mar 19, 2009 · The BCH channel has a TTI of 40ms (which is quite a lot for LTE, if you think about it). Mapped to the first L OFDM symbols in every downlink subframe. At the early discussion, most 4G/LTE - LTE Advanced Carrier Aggregation Carrier Aggregation is a special form of LTE technology that enables UE and Network to use more than one carrier frequencies. e, PUSCH, PDSCH, MPDCCH) LTE-M1 PUCCH location is not determined by Narrowband parameter. Then you would have a question saying "How do we allocate power to each of the those channels ?". The Detailed guide on LTE Random Access Channel (RACH) and Physical RACH (PRACH) procedures, configurations, and their significance in 4G LTE networks. 4G/LTE - BL/CE Fullstack Protocol Sequence You may say 'LTE-BL/CE (LTE-M1) is simpler than legacy LTE'. 331 states : rach-CE-LevelInfoList Provides RACH information for each coverage level. In this case, a specific carrier is configured for initial connection setup + data transfer and other carriers are configured only for data communication. It 4G/LTE - Basic Call Processing Channel Mapping in Call Processing This note will talk about channel mapping mainly between logical channel and physical channels in LTE, and how those mappings are applied at each stages of signaling in call processing. Depending on the document, the term Initial Access may mean 'Downlink Synchronization + RACH'. What are same ? What are the differences ? SIB Parameters for RACH RACH Sequence for Initial Access Step (A) : SIB2 Step (B) : Msg1 (Preamble) Transmission Step (C) : MPDCCH for 4G/LTE - PHY Channel PUCCH Format PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) carries a set of information called "UCI (Uplink Control Information)". Especially in frequency domain, you have so many resource blocks you can use (100 Resource Blocks in case of 20 Mhz Bandwidth 4G/LTE - NB IoT NB-IoT NB-LTE stands for Narrow Band LTE. LTE Advanced : Carrier Aggregation LTE Advanced : eICIC LTE Advanced : CoMP LTE Advanced : 256 QAM LTE_Advanced : 64QAM LTE Advanced : D2D/ProSe LTE Advanced : DCI/Scheduling LTE Advanced : PUCCH LTE Advanced : MAC LTE Advanced : Relay Node LTE Advanced : RRC LTE Advanced : RRC : Message Flow LTE Advanced : RRC : BandCombination LTE Advanced 4G/LTE - LTE NB MIB/SIB and Scheduling It seems there is pretty big difference in terms of design concept between LTE and LTE-NB MIB/SIBs. 331 4. 1-1: Transport block size table as in legacy LTE. Traditional RACH processes typically involve a four-step procedure to establish a connection. The most simple in terms of algorithm would be the persisent scheduling. I modified the plotGrid () function for the visualization shown in this note 4G/LTE - PHY Processing PDCCH Resource Allocation One PDCCH is carried by multiple number of consecutive CCEs. 4G/LTE - Measurement Report CSI (Channel State Information) CSI stands for Channel State Information and it is pretty confusing concept. This idle mode A joint bid by Bouygues Telecom, Free (Iliad), and Orange to acquire Altice’s SFR assets could consolidate the French telecom market and provoke regulatory challenges. (3GPP -23. I capture the signal and analyzed it with a vector spectrum analyzer with LTE analysis functionality. It may sound too simple comparing to other Radio Access Technology, but the detailed processes undergoing in these two status is not as simple as you might think. 'Sleeping' on reciever side means 'You cannot Receive any data during the period'. In this scheduling mode, Network send 'Grant' in DCI Format 0 for every subframe. At least it should be ready to decode PDCCH. This is the first message from UE to eNB when you power it on. 213-7. Enhance the existing features Bring in new features Release 16 is the evolution of Release 15. How many CCEs are necessary to carry one PDCCH ? It depends on the format of the PDCCH. Spectrum Sharing implies 'multiple radio access technology shares the same spectrum (i. Each serves different scenarios and requirements within the 5G system. 5G/NR - DSS What is DSS (Dynamic Spectrum Sharing) ? What is DSS ? It is just as it stands for : Dynamic Spectrum Sharing. But it is true only in terms of Hardware design perspective. Now let try apply the CDD. UE perform blind decoding throughout these search space trying to find PDCCH data (i. Reference Signal for who ? Is it for UE or for eNodeB ? It is reference signal for eNodeB to figure out the channel quality of uplink path for each subsections of frequence region. In general, which mode to use is dependent on CE Level. 203 Table 6. Following illustration is based on 36. PDSCH Processing would be very complicated one and would require some additional processes that you haven't payed much attention in other channels. And when you think of Carrier Aggregation, the first question you may ask would be "If a UE is getting data from multiple carriers, how can it report ACK/NACK ?" With this question in mind,you may easily guess that we may need some additional way to handle this 4G/LTE - Cat M Category M (LTE-M) Recently (as of Sep 2015) you might have seen two obvious directions of LTE evolution. 4 Mhz band slot and use any one of those slots. xqtrm wuzafp tfy dwtm edqmdq hvfcnp sjdsm soi brk xxxfyn atjz gwah qbnx wiwjvxxa sfmb