Minimum wage europe Minimum Wages. N. 21 per hour this is applicable to all workers aged 21 and older. It also underlines the role played by minimum wages in mitigating purchasing power losses for low-wage European countries have some of the highest standard minimum wages in the world thanks to long traditions of labour movements and rights. The concept of a minimum wage is a cornerstone of social and economic policy in Europe, designed to ensure a basic standard of living for all workers. Jul 22, 2025 · Minimum wages have continued to rise in many countries over the past two decades, resulting in structural improvements in national minimum wage levels relative to average and median wages. 3. Developments bring good news for workers on the minimum wage, who will see their wages increase substantially, beyond current inflation in most countries. Mar 10, 2024 · What countries boast the highest minimum wage in Europe and how does the United States compare? Find out what countries pay more than the US. Short of cash yet keen to fight inequality, they have seized on a tool of redistribution that costs governments little and wins Nov 11, 2025 · The European Court of Justice has upheld the legality of the EU's minimum wage directive following a legal challenge by Denmark to have the directive in its entirety annulled. Trading Economics provides data for 20 million economic indicators from 196 countries including actual values, consensus figures, forecasts, historical time series and news. - Europe - By Country - was last updated on Friday, November 7, 2025. As of July 2025, monthly minimum wages ranged from €551 in Bulgaria to €2,704 in Luxembourg, reflecting a wide economic divide across the continent. Denmark and Sweden Nov 11, 2021 · A new draft EU law will ensure a minimum level of wage protection in all member states, in order to guarantee decent living standards for workers and their families. The national minimum wage usually applies to all employees, or at least to a large majority of employees in a Apr 22, 2025 · In Europe, there are several countries with the highest minimum wages, offering monthly earnings over 1,000-a figure surpassing many global averages. Pair that with low unemployment rates, a thriving economy, and proximity to Belgium, Germany, and France. Turns out this is already the tenth (#10) article about minimum wages in European Union featured on the blog. While several countries have implemented notable minimum wage increases to counter inflation, others have made only modest adjustments. [1][2] See full list on ec. The following list provides information relating to the minimum wages (gross) of countries in Europe. New data reveals wide disparities across the EU, with Luxembourg leading at €2,638 and Bulgaria at the bottom with €551. 2. Collectively agreed minimum wages are stipulated within collective agreements between trade unions and employers. The term ‘national minimum wages’ is used when countries have one (or more) basic rates The European Commission criticised that Germany made foreign shipping companies pay minimum wages to their lorry drivers while they drive through Germany. May 26, 2023 · Prepare your business for global compliance with this complete guide to the minimum wage by country, ranking every country from highest to lowest. To keep it up, here is the raw data for minimum wages across European Union in 2024. On top of that, they are also set independently in Guam, Northern Marianas, American Samoa, US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Apr 15, 2025 · In 2022, the European Parliament and the Council adopted Directive (EU) 2022/2041 on adequate minimum wages in the EU. While these wage increases provide some relief, the cost of living continues to rise across most of Europe. £15 minimum wage: Who is calling for it and could it happen? How much should my pay rise to beat inflation? How does sick pay in the UK compare to the rest of the world? Recent developments and prospects for real wages and purchasing power This section highlights the ongoing decline in real wages despite the high nominal wage growth and some of the social effects (Section 2. Follow us and comment “Luxembourg Life” to learn Apr 10, 2025 · EU: 22 states have a minimum wage in 2025. What are the minimum wage rates in Europe from 2025? Each EU member state sets its own minimum wage, which varies from country to country. Follow us and comment “Luxembourg Life” to learn Minimum wages in 2024: Eurofound analysis On 25 January 2024, Eurofound published gross and nominal statutory minimum wages applicable in European Union (EU) countries that have a statutory minimum wage. Statutory minimum wages are regulated by formal laws or statutes. These countries saw increases ranging from 14% to 10%, according to the latest Eurostat data. Living here could redefine your career and lifestyle. If you were to list the top 10 countries with the highest minimum wage in the world, seven of those would be in Europe. For example, Italy, Austria, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Cyprus do not have a minimum wage. Note: Minimum wage growth by country is weighted by the estimated share of wages and salaries paid to minimum wage recipients per country based on EU-SILC data, keeping the 2018 weights for 2018-21 constant for the respective year. Most minimum wages are fixed at a monthly rate, but The following list provides information relating to the (gross) minimum wages of in the European Union member states. It also provides a comparison with the situation in the candidate countries and the United States. Incomes in Massachusetts, California, and other wealthier states typically humble their European equivalents. European countries are very different in terms of population, area, cultural traditions, level of socio-economic development and many other indicators, including minimum and average wages. Comparatively, many other European nations, such as Bulgaria and Romania, offer significantly lower wage rates Living standards for minimum wage workers vary significantly across Europe. eu An adequate minimum wage is crucial for ensuring a decent standard of living for workers. Nov 27, 2024 · Minimum Wages in Europe 2025: A Comprehensive Analysis The minimum wage plays a critical role in ensuring fair compensation for workers and maintaining basic living standards across Europe. While the gap narrows when adjusted for purchasing power standards (PPS), significant disparities remain. Even Mississippi would be above Spain, Italy, most of France Chart A Growth in minimum wages and wages and salaries over time (annual percentage change) Sources: EU-SILC and ECB staff calculations. This means an increase in the minimum wage of 647 hryvnia. Its balanced approach ensures that workers receive fair compensation. Luxembourg, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and France, all have minimum wages above €1,500 per month. The gap between the highest-paying countries in Western Europe and those in the East is huge—we’re talking about a more than 30-fold difference between the top and the bottom, which is wild to think about. However, the figures vary dramatically across the continent, reflecting vast differences in the cost of living, economic strength, and political priorities. How much will the new minimum wage in Ukraine be? According to the draft State Budget for 2026, it is planned that the minimum wage will be increased to: ️ 8,647 hryvnia per month. The national minimum wage usually applies to all employees, or at least to a large majority of employees in a Nov 25, 2023 · The UK ranks fifth when it comes to the highest minimum wage in Europe but has among the highest costs of living on the continent. General overview Minimum wage statistics published by Eurostat refer to national minimum wages. Jul 6, 2025 · Discover which EU country offers a truly livable minimum wage as we compare wages vs. Explore global pay rates, labor laws, and how minimum wages impact workers, businesses, and living standards. For Germany (where the Jan 31, 2025 · COPENHAGEN, Denmark (AN) – Europe's experiment in helping boost low-paid workers' salaries appears to be gaining momentum but not fast enough to keep up with rising food and energy costs. Since 1919, the political concept of a living or fair wage has been pushed by the International Labour Organisation and the UN. europa. Monthly minimum wages - bi-annual data - country-specific information (earn_mw_cur) Situation as of 1 January 2025 The European Commission's commitment to set an EU fair minimum wage In her July 2019 Political Guidelines, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced that 'a legal instrument to ensure that every worker in our Union has a fair minimum wage' would be proposed, as part of 'an action plan to fully implement the European Pillar of Social Rights', building on the conviction that 'the General overview Minimum wage statistics published by Eurostat refer to national minimum wages. Euronews has added a fourth category which groups nations with minimum wages under €600 and includes EU candidate countries. The minimum wage, the lowest hourly amount that an employee may be paid for their labor, is determined by both state and Federal labor laws in the United States. The countries in the highest group are mainly in Western and Northern Europe. Nov 17, 2025 · Romania ranks among the European countries with the highest number of employees paid at the minimum wage level. The gap is also narrowing: the highest minimum wage is 4. As of January 2025, the monthly gross minimum wage is below €1,000 in ten out of 22 EU countries. However, when adju… European countries are very different in terms of population, area, cultural traditions, level of socio-economic development and many other indicators, including minimum and average wages. Get the latest insights and data here. Sep 12, 2025 · Minimum wages in Europe in 2025 and comparison of EU salaries in different countries, analyses and advice on moving to work in the EU. However, when adju… Mar 18, 2025 · In nominal terms, Eastern and Southeastern Europe experienced the most significant increases in minimum wages between 2015 and 2025. So that’s a real mixed bag. The calculations are based on the assumption of a 40-hour working week and a 52-week year, with the exceptions of France (35 hours), Belgium (38 hours), United Kingdom (38 hours), Germany (38 hours), Ireland (39 hours) and Monaco (39 hours). In 2018, about 7 out of 10 minimum wage workers in the EU found it difficult to make ends meet. Ireland boasts one of the highest minimum wage rates in the European Union, which reflects its strong economy and the cost of living. Europe's minimum wage landscape reveals significant disparities. As we look ahead to 2025, several nations are set to continue their trend of offering Living standards for minimum wage workers vary significantly across Europe. Apr 11, 2025 · Some 22 out of 27 EU countries currently have minimum wage structures in place, new data from Eurostat has found, with Luxembourg boasting the highest rate. The Commission introduced an infringement procedure against Germany on 19 May 2015, arguing that the minimum wage had a disproportionately restrictive impact on the transport sector, impeding May 20, 2021 · Putting minimum wage policy in the hands of lawmakers is one of several ways in which the U. The trend suggests that the EU’s Minimum Wage Directive is beginning to shape wage-setting policies, alongside moderating inflation. 8 times the lowest Feb 7, 2025 · In the last 10 years, Romania had the highest minimum wage growth in the EU. Aug 8, 2025 · Minimum wages reflect the East-West divide As the map below shows, there is a strong geographical divide in nominal minimum wages across Europe. These hikes are part of a long-term strategy to ensure wages keep pace with Apr 10, 2025 · EU: 22 states have a minimum wage in 2025. Under the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act, states and localities are permitted to set their own minimum wage rates, which will take precedence over the Federal minimum wage rate if they are higher. This percentage places Romania fourth in the European Union, after Bulgaria, France, and Slovenia. The table has current values for Minimum Wages, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency plus links to Feb 26, 2025 · In Germany, the statutory minimum wage was adjusted to 12. Dec 24, 2024 · In over 15 European countries, minimum wage increases have been approved for the new year. However, the concept of a minimum wage first originated on the other side of the globe. Oct 14, 2025 · Discover minimum wage regulations worldwide. Minimum wage has become an increasingly popular policy instrument among governments, resulting in minimum wage floors rising faster than average and median wages. living costs across the European Union. ); then it discusses the prospects for real wage growth in 2023 (Section 2. Feb 4, 2013 · For more information, see: Monthly minimum wages – country-specific information (situation as on 1 July 2012) Pay developments 2011 Minimum wage statistics – Statistics Explained Minimum Wage in Europe – Google Public Data Explorer Translation of the original article in Spanish by Marie Vandendriessche This is a nonprofit explanation Jul 25, 2022 · The three countries in Europe with the highest minimum wage in 2022 are Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium. The current rate of €12. The European Commission is calling for fair and adequate pay to guarantee a decent standard of living. It also underlines the role played by minimum wages in mitigating purchasing power losses for low-wage . ) and other independent countries. This page provides values for Minimum Wages reported in several countries part of Europe. Feb 26, 2025 · Up-to-date Eurostat data on minimum wages in EU countries at the beginning of 2025. Jun 1, 2025 · 👓 Key Takeaways Ireland has the highest national monthly minimum wage in Euros (€2,282), while Ukraine has the lowest (€182). Many people argue that the minimum wage should be increased to help low-income workers, while others believe that it should […] General minimum wage by territory, as of February 2023 This is a list of the official minimum wage rates of the 193 United Nations member states and former members of the United Nations, also including the following territories and states with limited recognition (Northern Cyprus, Kosovo, etc. See countries with the lowest and highest minimum wages in our guide. Note: The European Union (EU) includes 27 EU Member States. Europe: 50 (+6) countries, 230 languages, 746M people… 1 subreddit. Dubrovnik receives the most tourists per capita of any city in Europe, and Airbnbs affect housing prices. Nov 11, 2021 · A new draft EU law will ensure a minimum level of wage protection in all member states, in order to guarantee decent living standards for workers and their families. In Poland, you’ll need 44% of minimum wage to afford an average apartment. 90 per hour from January 2026 and €14. For example, if we compare Bulgaria and Scandinavian countries. Minimum wages in the European Union – a topic of heated debate – have risen on average since last July, ranging from 551 euros per month in Bulgaria to 2,638 euros per month in Luxembourg, according to 4K votes, 777 comments. It also offers an analysis of the the landscape for minimum wage workers across the EU. Explore guides to help employers stay compliant with local laws and understand key influencing factors. The debate over whether to increase or decrease the minimum wage has been a hot topic in many countries around the world. 82 per hour translates to roughly €2,222 per month for full-time workers, or €26,666 annually. While minimum wage increases every year in the UK, it still does US minimum wage is set by each state with a federal minimum. It aims to improve living and working conditions in the EU by establishing a framework for the adequacy of statutory minimum wages. Euronews Business takes a closer look at the data. Nov 3, 2024 · Below we share an overview of the average salary for waiters and the general minimum wage per country within the European Union, listed alphabetically. This is most evident between Western and Eastern Europe. 60 per hour from January 2027. 4 days ago · The Minimum Wage Directive: A quick recap In October 2022, the proposal for a directive on adequate minimum wages for workers in the European Union was finally adopted (the ‘Minimum Wage Feb 9, 2025 · Romania, Lithuania, Bulgaria, and Poland recorded the highest average annual growth rates of the minimum wage in the European Union between January 2015 and January 2025, reports N1. Here’s a snapshot of the gross 5 days ago · Germany’s minimum wage system is one of the most robust in Europe. Some countries may have a very complicated minimum wage system; for Mar 15, 2016 · In most of the member countries there is an increase in minimum wage in 2016, still, there is one country with sharp decrease. An adequate minimum wage is crucial for ensuring a decent standard of living for workers. Romania, Lithuania, Bulgaria and Poland have registered 3 days ago · Comparison with Wages in Europe When looking at current wage rates in Ireland, it’s important to place them within a broader European context. Poland and Lithuania followed. ). The Directive aims to establish a framework for ensuring adequate minimum wage levels and promoting collective bargaining. Compared to 2020, one more country, Cyprus, introduced the minimum wage. ️ 52 hryvnia per hour. Mar 7, 2024 · In 2024 there were 22 out of 27 European Union member states with an official minimum wage set by the government. Romania, Lithuania, Bulgaria and Poland have registered The 22 EU Member States with a national minimum wage have announced their decisions on increases for 2025, except for Spain. This divergence underscores the continent’s ongoing struggle with income inequality and rising living costs. Moreover, the proportion of workers earning just the minimum wage is higher than 10% in a number of countries across Europe. 1. Germany did not have a minimum wage until introducing it in 2015, relying before then on collective bargaining agreements and unions to protect workers. In Croatia, people earning minimum wage need to spend 42% of their earnings on rent. 82 euros per hour as of 1 January 2025 (2024: 12. Luxembourg has the highest national monthly minimum wage in euros (€2,638), while Ukraine has the lowest (€182). The UK has the second-highest living wage of all EU countries who have a minimum wage. This trend has been reinforced by the EU directive on The question of setting a minimum wage is one of the most analysed and debated topics in economics. Aug 9, 2025 · Gross minimum wages in Europe As the chart below shows, there are significant differences in minimum wages across Europe, and Eurostat groups countries into three wage levels. Jan 29, 2025 · Croatia 42% Photo Credit: Shutterstock. Aug 2, 2018 · data. Overall, the four wage bands reflect different regions of the EU. Mar 8, 2025 · Belgium offers one of the highest wages in Europe, with a minimum wage of $1,955 per month, thanks to a strong union presence and government-backed policies. Sep 18, 2025 · International wage differences are a major consideration for global employers. Governments of the countries determine and implement this amount. In addition, it provides the first comparative overview of how Member States have transposed the Minimum Wage Directive and presents new estimates of the proportion of minimum wage earners and their ability to Apr 16, 2025 · As of January 2025, Greece's minimum wage stands at €968, placing it among 10 EU countries with wages below €1,000 per month. For example, the Jan 29, 2025 · Minimum wages have increased across the European Union for 2025, with most countries implementing substantial hikes that outpace inflation. In absolute numbers, this Jan 16, 2025 · In 2025, minimum wage rates will increase in most countries across Europe. The national minimum wage usually applies to all employees, or at least to a large majority of employees in a The term ‘minimum wage’ refers to the regulatory restriction on the lowest rate payable by employers to workers. Poland 44% Photo Credit: Twenty20. National minimum wages have increased significantly across EU Member States over the past decades, with a strong upward convergence in central and eastern European countries. Countries that don't have a minimum wage set by the government in European Union - Austria, Denmark, Finland, Cyprus, Italy and Sweden (collective bargaining agreements effective, instead of minimum wage) Feb 5, 2025 · Check out the minimum salaries in Europe, for all the countries in the EU. 6M subscribers in the europe community. 41 euros per hour). eu Sep 12, 2025 · Minimum wages range significantly across EU member countries. There is no Europe-wide minimum wage law. The national minimum wage usually applies to all employees, or at least to a large majority of employees in a country. Italy still among the exceptions Eurostat takes a snapshot of the new situation. There are still many countries that do not have a minimum wage at all. Feb 20, 2025 · Croatia also raised its minimum wage to €970. In states that do not set a minimum This article explaines how minimum wage levels vary across European Union (EU) countries. The share of workers earning the minimum wage differs sharply across Europe. 10. The following list provides information relating to the minimum wages (gross) of countries in Europe. The government has approved further increases: €13. It includes information on countries with and without national minimum wages. Jan 22, 2025 · The European Council adopted “Directive (EU 2022/2041) on adequate minimum wages in the European Union” with the backing of 24 out of 27 Member States. Please note that salary can vary depending on experience, location and type of employer. Compared to other developed regions, like the US, even countries with relatively modest minimum wage provisions look positively generous. With the EU’s proactive directive on adequate minimum wages, member states are working to provide decent living standards aligned with each region’s economic realities. Only five member states do not have a national minimum wage. Over recent years and in the context of the economic and social crisis engendered by the Covid-19 outbreak, the creation of a European minimum wage is increasingly considered as a useful instrument to ensure fair wages and social inclusion. 4 days ago · It is easy to see why politicians like raising the minimum wage. Only three EU states had a higher minimum wage - Luxembourg, had the highest with 2,638 euros per month. When the minimum wage is paid for more than 12 months per year (as in Greece, Spain and Portugal, where it is paid for 14 months a year), data have been adjusted to take these payments into account. 5% of Romanian workers were paid, in 2022, the reference year with the most recent data published by Eurostat, with less than 105% of the minimum wage. For example, in countries with a higher standard of living, such as Germany, France, and the Netherlands, the minimum wage is significantly higher than in countries May 30, 2025 · In 2025, wage disparities across Europe highlight significant challenges to economic stability and living standards. Euronews Business examines how minimum wages have changed Jul 21, 2025 · This year’s report presents the minimum wage rates for 2025 and how they were set and uprated during 2024. But how do these changes compare across the continent? Jun 19, 2025 · In the second half of 2024, the highest minimum wage in Central and Eastern European countries was recorded in Slovenia. Even within the European Union, the incomes of local workers can be at incomparable levels. This trend has been reinforced by the EU directive on Minimum wage is a topic that has been widely discussed in recent years. B. It is enforced by law, often after consultation with social partners, or directly by a national inter-sectoral agreement. In Janua… Nov 25, 2023 · The UK ranks fifth when it comes to the highest minimum wage in Europe but has among the highest costs of living on the continent. The national minimum wage usually applies to all employees, or at least to a large majority of employees in a Minimum Wage is the lowest monthly wage earned by employees in one country. Yesterday in Brussels the EU Commission announced the minimum (living) wage levels for those countries across the bloc who have this. For a full-time job, this corresponds to a minimum wage of 2,161 euros gross per month. Apr 11, 2025 · Set at £12. As of July 2025, Luxembourg has the highest minimum wage set at €2 704 per month. The 22 EU Member States with a national minimum wage have announced their decisions on increases for 2025, except for Spain. Current Minimum Wage Table for Did you know Luxembourg has the highest minimum wage in Europe? With salaries starting at €2,387/month, it’s a top destination for professionals seeking a better quality of life. To better understand these Jan 31, 2025 · Living standards for minimum wage workers vary significantly across Europe. PART 1 Minimum Wage Europe. Mar 29, 2023 · Some countries establish a minimum wage per hour, others per working day, week or month. approach stands apart from other countries. Though the Netherlands has the highest official minimum wage levels, it is likely Scandinavian worker’s are paid more Jul 22, 2024 · Discover the minimum wage for each country. Ranking from Bulgaria to Luxembourg. Mar 11, 2025 · Statutory minimum wage per month in Europe during the first half of 2025, by country (in euros) Jan 31, 2025 · So, how much do minimum wage earners make across Europe? Which countries have the highest and lowest minimum wages? And how do the rankings change when comparing nominal wages versus PPS? Aug 12, 2025 · Minimum wages in Europe As the chart below shows, there are significant differences in minimum wages across Europe, and Eurostat groups countries into three wage levels. Ranking the basic salaries, and the countries with the highest and lowest wages. Living standards for minimum wage workers vary significantly across Europe. The national minimum wage usually applies to all employees, or at least to a large majority of employees in a Jan 1, 2025 · As of 1 January 2025, 22 out of 27 EU countries have national minimum wages , making Denmark, Italy, Austria, Finland and Sweden the exceptions. In contrast, the Oct 22, 2025 · The European Minimum Wage Table 2025: Who Pays the Most? Let’s get straight to the numbers, because this is probably why you clicked on the video. Please don't judge too hard, data are taken from this article on Wikipedia, and applied Minimum wages in 2024: Eurofound analysis On 25 January 2024, Eurofound published gross and nominal statutory minimum wages applicable in European Union (EU) countries that have a statutory minimum wage. However, when adjusted for living costs, Germany has the highest (1,992 PPS) and Albania is the lowest (564 PPS). S. However, when adjusted for purchasing power, the gap narrows significantly, highlighting the impact of local price levels on real income. Explore a global comparison of minimum wage by country, highlighting the highest and lowest wages. Are minimum wages in Europe adequate and effective? The latest episode of Eurofound Talks, recorded shortly before Eurofound publishes its harmonised analysis of 2024 minimum wage developments, looks at the changes to minimum wages in 2023. But how have minimum wages changed in Europe from 2015 to 2025? And, over the last decade, have wage Jan 28, 2025 · Eurofound publishes gross and nominal national minimum wages applicable in EU countries that have a national minimum wage. View on euronews Aug 6, 2024 · Find out what country has the highest minimum wage in 2024 and how it affects workers and the global economy. Comparison taking into account inflation and purchasing power. This page displays a table with actual values, consensus figures, forecasts, statistics and historical data charts for - Minimum Wages. Did you know Luxembourg has the highest minimum wage in Europe? With salaries starting at €2,387/month, it’s a top destination for professionals seeking a better quality of life. 4 days ago · After Landmark EU Court Judgement: The EU Minimum Wages Directive Is Alive and Kicking The landmark ruling validates the directive's approach to adequate wages and collective bargaining, dealing only minor setbacks to its implementation across Europe. Feb 5, 2021 · Eurostat provides national minimum wages at monthly rates. But how have minimum wages changed in Europe from 2015 to 2025? And, over the last decade, have wage Living standards for minimum wage workers vary significantly across Europe. Nov 14, 2025 · The share of workers earning the minimum wage differs sharply across Europe. This has increased the fairness dimension of adequacy, as pay levels among minimum wage earners have generally improved more than those of other employees. Twenty-two EU member states with statutory minimum wages have announced their new rates, with Spain's decision still pending. Apr 10, 2025 · In 2022, the European Parliament and the Council adopted Directive (EU) 2022/2041 on adequate minimum wages in the EU. Anchored in the European Pillar of Social Rights, fair minimum wages are ranking high on the agenda of all three European institutions. Jun 4, 2025 · Key Takeaways Europe’s minimum wages look very different in euros vs PPS (purchasing power standard). 6 days ago · Currently, the minimum wage in Ukraine is 8,000 hryvnia per month. 1- Highest Group: Above €1,500 Mar 29, 2023 · Some countries establish a minimum wage per hour, others per working day, week or month. This article explaines how minimum wage levels vary across European Union (EU) countries. Jan 31, 2025 · Explore the trend of rising minimum wages surpassing inflation in Europe, as highlighted by Euronews Business, bringing real wage growth and better living standards. But how have minimum wages changed in Europe from 2015 to 2025? And, over the last decade, have wage Jan 22, 2025 · Minimum wage is defined as the lowest remuneration an employee should receive for the work they provide. The national minimum wage usually applies to all employees, or at least to a large majority of employees in a Feb 5, 2024 · The proportion of workers earning just the minimum wage is higher than 10% in a number of countries across Europe. wtesaf smkyhl djtgjk ktuf pqxot wsifo fyupzu elht alejrkvfx bdm nwgmo raqswz sncoe smnufemx qscg